Using submarines (“U-boote,” in German) in the Caribbean to attack and stop the flow of war supplies from the Caribbean to the United States and Great Britain, two of Nazi Germany’s enemies, was a strategy to win World War II (1939-1945) put into action by Grand Admiral Karl Döenitz.

Creator of the concept of negritud, with the help of his lifelong Senegalese friend, Leopold Sedar Senghor, who later became president of that African country.